一、電熱水袋里面的(de)液體是什么?
其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水,它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢?很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的,電熱水袋很神奇,一插電就熱了,有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水,那么就錯了。
電熱水袋里(li)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)什么呢?其實(shi)是(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)粉或鐵(tie)氧(yang)體,電(dian)熱(re)(re)水袋是(shi)(shi)靠電(dian)磁(ci)產(chan)生的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)能的(de)(de)產(chan)生電(dian)磁(ci)的(de)(de)東西是(shi)(shi)封閉起來(lai)的(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)防止漏電(dian),如果(guo)通了(le)電(dian)以(yi)后(hou)就產(chan)生磁(ci)場(chang),鐵(tie)和(he)(he)磁(ci)是(shi)(shi)相互反應(ying)的(de)(de),使所謂的(de)(de)水里(li)面(mian)(mian)產(chan)生渦(wo)流(liu)和(he)(he)磁(ci)滯(zhi)然(ran)后(hou)就產(chan)生了(le)熱(re)(re)能,和(he)(he)變壓器(qi)為(wei)(wei)什么會發(fa)熱(re)(re)是(shi)(shi)相關的(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)磁(ci)滯(zhi)和(he)(he)渦(wo)流(liu)而(er)(er)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de),人(ren)們(men)把變壓器(qi)做(zuo)成一(yi)片一(yi)片的(de)(de)硅剛片就是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)減小磁(ci)滯(zhi)和(he)(he)渦(wo)流(liu)的(de)(de),從而(er)(er)提高效率的(de)(de),而(er)(er)熱(re)(re)水袋則是(shi)(shi)相反的(de)(de)。
二、電熱水袋的工作原理
電熱(re)水袋里的(de)(de)過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在某種溫度(du)下(xia),溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)在溶(rong)(rong)劑中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)是(shi)不變的(de)(de),例(li)如(ru)食鹽在水的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)在室溫時(shi)(shi)是(shi)36g/100mL水。當溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)濃度(du)與其可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)相等時(shi)(shi),這(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)便(bian)稱為飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);而當溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)度(du)比其可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)還要高(gao)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou),這(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)便(bian)稱為過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。暖(nuan)手袋里的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體就是(shi)過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)醋(cu)酸鈉。由(you)于(yu)過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)濃度(du)太高(gao),當扭(niu)曲金(jin)屬的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou),所(suo)(suo)產(chan)生的(de)(de)輕微震動便(bian)足以使溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)結晶,變成較穩定的(de)(de)固(gu)體。然而,這(zhe)個過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)放熱(re)的(de)(de),所(suo)(suo)以暖(nuan)手袋告開始暖(nuan)起(qi)來。只要把充電熱(re)水袋放入沸水中(zhong)(zhong)加熱(re)約10分鐘(zhong),凝結了(le)的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)便(bian)會再次溶(rong)(rong)解(jie);這(zhe)是(shi)由(you)于(yu)在高(gao)溫下(xia),溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)增加。在溶(rong)(rong)解(jie)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)進行吸熱(re)反應,再次成為過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
三、電熱水袋分類
按產品結構分類
電(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶產品按有電(dian)熱(re)餅、電(dian)熱(re)水袋和電(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)式(shi)暖(nuan)(nuan)手寶。
固體電熱餅
其(qi)填充是(shi)(shi)保溫(wen)棉(如:陶瓷棉等其(qi)他的),使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)熱(re)絲加(jia)熱(re),將(jiang)熱(re)量(liang)傳(chuan)遞給(gei)石棉或玻璃纖維保熱(re)。工作原理是(shi)(shi):用(yong)(yong)雙控溫(wen)電(dian)熱(re)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)式結構,逐漸(jian)釋放(fang)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)。內設自動過(guo)(guo)熱(re)保護裝置及自動保溫(wen)指示裝置,一個(ge)由PTC熱(re)敏電(dian)阻(zu)開(kai)關控制的小電(dian)爐,PTC是(shi)(shi)正溫(wen)度(du)系數(shu)的熱(re)敏電(dian)阻(zu),當電(dian)流通過(guo)(guo)時(shi)自身會發熱(re)(電(dian)爐的熱(re)量(liang)也會傳(chuan)導給(gei)它(ta)的),當溫(wen)度(du)到達(da)一定(ding)值時(shi),它(ta)的電(dian)阻(zu)會急劇(ju)增(zeng)大,可以視為斷開(kai),此時(shi)電(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)減少消耗的電(dian)能(neng)(neng),之后靠保溫(wen)棉對電(dian)路的保溫(wen)來緩慢放(fang)熱(re)。這種電(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)保溫(wen)時(shi)間長,缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)它(ta)無(wu)法徹(che)底切(qie)斷電(dian)路,為了(le)預防萬一,加(jia)熱(re)時(shi)不可離人,且加(jia)熱(re)完成后溫(wen)度(du)較高,在使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)必須套(tao)上(shang)布袋,以免(mian)燙傷。目前,市面上(shang)的電(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)很少使用(yong)(yong)這種控制方式。
電熱水袋
軟質(zhi)液(ye)體電(dian)熱(re)(re)寶(bao)使(shi)用新技術(shu)儲(chu)能發熱(re)(re)劑,加(jia)熱(re)(re)升(sheng)溫(wen)迅速。一次性注水(shui)(shui),永久使(shi)用,獨特(te)防爆免(mian)燙和(he)溫(wen)控(kong)保護裝置;使(shi)用壽命長:保溫(wen)持(chi)久等優勢。由于(yu)用戶無(wu)需(xu)注水(shui)(shui)即可直接使(shi)用,免(mian)去(qu)了傳統熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)頻繁(fan)換水(shui)(shui)帶來的麻煩和(he)不安全。從電(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)的發熱(re)(re)原理看(kan),這種電(dian)暖寶(bao)有電(dian)極(ji)式(shi)和(he)電(dian)熱(re)(re)元件式(shi)兩大類(lei)。其(qi)中(zhong),電(dian)極(ji)式(shi)電(dian)暖寶(bao)由于(yu)兩個電(dian)極(ji)(或螺絲)直接裸(luo)露在水(shui)(shui)中(zhong),造成的漏電(dian)風險也很大。
電池式暖手寶
這種(zhong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)使用(yong)內置鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池亦或(huo)是使用(yong)5號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)驅動(dong),利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)產(chan)生熱(re)(re)量的(de)原理進行暖(nuan)手(shou)。目前(qian)該(gai)款(kuan)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)在(zai)2010年由日本(ben)三洋公(gong)司在(zai)世界率先推出(chu),之(zhi)后尤其是2011年冬開(kai)始被眾多廠家模仿,但產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質一(yi)直未被超越。這種(zhong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)對(dui)(dui)比前(qian)兩種(zhong)類型,加熱(re)(re)不(bu)受市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱(re)(re)的(de)約束,可(ke)將溫(wen)度迅(xun)速(su)提升(sheng)至40℃以(yi)內,對(dui)(dui)于(yu)內置鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池型可(ke)以(yi)充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)備需(xu)要時(shi)開(kai)啟使用(yong),而采用(yong)5號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池型則更方便隨(sui)時(shi)隨(sui)地更換(huan),尤其適合外出(chu)。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)優(you)點:隨(sui)時(shi)隨(sui)地取(qu)暖(nuan),不(bu)受市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)影(ying)響,體(ti)積輕巧,恒(heng)溫(wen)加熱(re)(re)在(zai)40℃人體(ti)正常(chang)取(qu)暖(nuan)所需(xu)的(de)安全溫(wen)度以(yi)內,十分安全;缺點:由于(yu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)體(ti)積小(xiao)巧,直接導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量不(bu)理想,導熱(re)(re)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)夠長(chang),通常(chang)最長(chang)為(wei)1小(xiao)時(shi)(高于(yu)此值,均為(wei)虛(xu)假宣傳),由于(yu)體(ti)積小(xiao),無法大面積取(qu)暖(nuan)。
按發熱原理分類
電(dian)(dian)暖寶分為電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲(si)式(shi)兩(liang)(liang)種。其中(zhong),電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖寶中(zhong)有正(zheng)負兩(liang)(liang)個電(dian)(dian)極(ji),直(zhi)接和(he)袋中(zhong)的液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(電(dian)(dian)解質溶(rong)液(ye))接觸,電(dian)(dian)極(ji)通電(dian)(dian)后,溶(rong)液(ye)就帶電(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re),加(jia)熱(re)時間(jian)較(jiao)短(約2~8分鐘),但液(ye)體(ti)(ti)膨脹較(jiao)快,容易爆(bao)炸。電(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲(si)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖寶中(zhong)有一個絕(jue)緣體(ti)(ti)線圈,摸上去體(ti)(ti)積(ji)比電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)發熱(re)體(ti)(ti)明顯要(yao)大(da)。
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